As a general guide, many people aim for a reading above 5.0 mmol/L before starting, with fast-acting carbohydrate on hand. Very high readings with ketones, or levels below 4.0mmol/L are a reason to delay training. Your safe range depends on your diabetes type, medication and how long the session will be, so your exercise physiologist sets your personal thresholds at your first visit.

Possibly, and only your prescriber can make that change. Insulin and sulfonylureas raise hypo risk around exercise, so doses or timing sometimes need adjusting. Metformin and most other tablets do not usually need changing. We share your glucose data and session details with your GP or endocrinologist so any adjustment is based on what actually happens.

Both help, and doing both helps most. Aerobic exercise lowers glucose during and shortly after the session. Resistance training builds muscle, which increases your long-term storage capacity for glucose. Current guidelines suggest 150 minutes of moderate aerobic activity plus two or three resistance sessions each week, built up gradually from wherever you are now.

Remission is possible for some people with type 2 diabetes, usually through significant weight loss combined with exercise and dietary change, and it is more likely earlier after diagnosis. It is not guaranteed and it is not the goal for everyone. Better glucose control, more strength and lower cardiovascular risk are worthwhile results on their own.

Yes, with the right exercise selection. Peripheral neuropathy reduces sensation, so blisters and pressure injuries can go unnoticed. Your exercise physiologist may favour cycling, swimming, seated or supported work over long walks while your feet settle, and we check your footwear. Daily foot checks matter, and we can refer you to a podiatrist if anything looks wrong.

Yes, though the goals differ. In type 1 diabetes, exercise improves cardiovascular fitness, strength, bone health and insulin sensitivity, but it will not replace insulin. The main focus is managing glucose around sessions, because different intensities push levels in different directions. Sprint and heavy resistance work can raise glucose, while steady aerobic work tends to lower it.