Posture is one factor, not the whole story. Research shows people with similar postures can have very different symptoms, so a rounded upper back is not automatically painful. What tends to cause trouble is sustained loading without enough strength, movement variety or recovery. That is why treatment targets endurance, joint movement and daily habits rather than trying to force one ideal shape.

Braces and taping can give short-term feedback that reminds you to change position, and some people find that useful early on. They do not build strength, so the effect usually fades once you stop wearing them. Your practitioner may use taping alongside treatment for a few weeks, then transition you to strength work that holds without external support.

Neither is better on its own. Standing all day can cause its own low back, hip and foot symptoms. The benefit of a sit-stand desk is the change of position, not the standing itself. Aim to alternate through the day, keep your screen at eye level in both settings, and use a footrest or anti-fatigue mat when standing.

Yes, movement and strength can improve at any age. Some changes to the spine become structural over time and will not fully reverse, particularly through the mid-back. Even then, improving thoracic movement, hip mobility and postural endurance often reduces pain, improves balance and makes standing and walking easier. Your practitioner will be clear about what is likely to change.

It can. A collapsed upper back and forward head position reduce how far your ribs expand, which encourages shallow upper chest breathing. Some people notice this most when talking for long periods or exercising. Improving mid-back movement and rib mechanics often makes deeper breathing feel easier, and some people report less end-of-day fatigue as postural muscles cope better.

Slouching alone is rarely a concern in a growing child. Worth checking are bags heavier than about 10 per cent of body weight, carrying on one shoulder, pain that wakes them, or a change in the shape of the back or shoulder height. Bring them in if you notice any of those, as growth periods deserve a proper look.